Klasifikasi Dan Morfologi Kaki Seribu Glomerida

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Glomerida adalah ordo pil-kaki seribu yang ditemukan terutama di belahan bumi utara. Mereka secara dangkal menyerupai serangga pil atau kutu kayu, dan dapat bergulung seperti bola.

Klasifikasi Ilmiah Glomerida

Glomerida

Kingdom : Animalia
Filum : Arthropoda
Kelas : Diplopoda
Subkelas : Chilognatha
Infrakelas : Pentazonia
Superordo : Oniscomorpha
Ordo : Glomerida

Mereka memiliki dua belas segmen tubuh, 17 sampai 19 pasang kaki, dan laki-laki memiliki kaki belakang yang diperbesar yang terlibat dalam perkawinan. Pesanan tersebut mencakup sekitar 30 genera dan setidaknya 280 spesies, termasuk Glomeris marginata , pil penangkap paus Eropa yang umum.

Ordo tersebut berisi anggota di Eropa, Asia Tenggara dan Amerika dari California sampai Guatemala. Meskipun secara historis dianggap berkaitan erat dengan sphaerotheriidans serupa yang juga dapat bergulung, beberapa bukti DNA menunjukkan bahwa mereka mungkin lebih dekat hubungannya dengan glomeridesmidans , ordo yang kurang diketahui yang tidak menggulung.

Morfologi Glomerida

Glomerida adalah kaki seribu berbentuk oval yang panjangnya mencapai 20 mm (0,79 in). Seperti Sphaerotheriida (yang disebut Giant Pill-kaki seribu), mereka mampu bergulung seperti bola ("volvation"), sebuah sifat juga dibagi dengan pillbugs yang tidak terkait (Oniscidean crustacea). Mereka memiliki 12 segmen tubuh, meskipun lempeng dorsal kedua dan ketiga ( tergites ) bisa menyatu, dan tergite ke 11 mungkin berukuran kecil atau sebagian tersembunyi tampak sebagai 11 segmen.

Kepalanya relatif besar dan bundar, memiliki antena yang panjang dan ramping, dan organ Tömösváry berbentuk tapal kuda. Mata mungkin hadir atau tidak hadir. Collum (segmen pertama di belakang kepala) kecil sedangkan tergite kedua sangat membesar. Kelenjar defensif ( ozopori ) terletak di bagian punggung, berbeda dengan ozopori lateral pada kaki seribu lainnya. Laki-laki dan perempuan berbeda dalam jumlah pasangan kaki: laki-laki memiliki 17 wanita betina memiliki 19. Selain itu, pada pria dewasa, pasangan kaki terakhir dimodifikasi menjadi pelengkap yang dikenal sebagai telopoda.

Distribusi Glomerida

Glomerida sebagian besar merupakan kelompok belahan bumi utara. Ini berisi anggota di Eropa, Afrika Utara, Asia Tengah dan Tenggara, dan Amerika. Empat spesies hadir di Kepulauan Inggris. Hanya di Asia Tenggara, apakah ada anggota yang melintasi garis katulistiwa, yang berada di selatan Indonesia. Di belahan barat, Glomeridans terdapat di tiga wilayah yang berbeda: wilayah timur, agak Appalachian dari Kentucky sampai utara Florida dan Mississippi ; sebuah wilayah California dari Teluk San Francisco ke Teluk Monterey , dan wilayah neotropika dari Meksiko timur ( Nuevo León ) ke Guatemala tengah.

Klasifikasi Glomerida

Glomerida mengandung kira-kira 30 genera , namun hubungan keduanya saling berdebat. Beberapa penulis membagi pesanan menjadi tiga keluarga, keluarga besar Glomeridae , Glomeridellidae , dan Trachysphaeridae , sementara yang lain mengklasifikasikan pesanan ke dalam sistem subfamili dan suku yang lebih rumit dan mengenalkan keluarga Glomeridellidae, dan Glomeridae dan Protoglomeridae. Perkiraan jumlah spesies berkisar antara 280 sampai 450. Genus Glomeris adalah yang terbesar, mengandung setidaknya 100 spesies dan lebih banyak subspesies atau varietas.

Glomerida secara tradisional diklasifikasikan bersama dengan Sphaerotheriida di superorder Oniscomorpha , yang mengandung kaki seribu bertubuh pendek yang mampu menghasilkan volvasi. Oniscomorf disatukan dengan Glomeridesmida yang kurang dikenal di Pentazonia infraclass , yang ditandai oleh telopoda posterior dan badan yang relatif pendek, dan merupakan kelompok saudara dengan Helminthomorpha , atau "cacing seperti" kaki seribu. Klasifikasi ini didukung oleh kesamaan morfologi.

Namun, beberapa penelitian berdasarkan pada perbandingan urutan DNA menunjukkan bahwa Glomerida lebih dekat hubungannya dengan Glomeridesmida daripada pada Sphaerotheriida, sebuah hipotesis yang akan menyiratkan bahwa perilaku mendaftar berevolusi dua kali atau hilang dalam nenek moyang Glomeridesmidans.

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