Klasifikasi Elang Brontok (Nisaetus cirrhatus)

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Elang Brontok (nama latin; Nisaetus cirrhatus) adalah spesies burung pemangsa keluarga Accipitridae. Burung ini sebelumnya ditempatkan di genus Spizaetus , namun penelitian menunjuk kelompok tersebut menjadi paraphyletic sehingga anggota Dunia Lama ditempatkan di Nisaetus (Hodgson, 1836) dan terpisah dari spesies Dunia Baru.

Klasifikasi Dan Morfologi Elang Brontok
Elang Brontok
Elang brontok yang dapat dipindahkan berkembang biak di benua India , terutama di India dan Sri Lanka , dan dari tepi tenggara Himalaya melintasi Asia Tenggara ke Indonesia dan Filipina. Elang brontok adalah burung yang hidup secara tunggal (di luar musim kawin) di hutan terbuka, walaupun lebih memilih kepadatan pohon yang lebih tinggi. Ini membangun sarang tongkat di pohon dan meletakkan satu telur tunggal.

Klasifikasi Elang Brontok

Kingdom : Animalia
Filum : Chordata
Kelas : Aves
Ordo : Accipitriformes
Famili : Accipitridae
Genus : Nisaetus
Spesies : N. cirrhatus

Morfologi

Elang brontok adalah raptor menengah-besar dengan panjang sekitar 60-72 cm (24-28 inci) dengan lebar sayap 127-138 centimeter (50-54 inci), dan beratnya berkisar antara 1,2 sampai 1,9 kg (2,6 sampai 4,2 lb).

Biasanya coklat di atas, mereka memiliki warna putih di bawah dengan pembatasan pada bagian bawah bulu dan ekor sayap; Garis-garis longitudinal hitam berada pada tenggorokan dan garis-garis coklat berada di dada. Beberapa subspesies memiliki jambul empat bulu. Bagian bawah dan kepala remaja berwarna keputihan dengan sedikit garis gelap.

Sayapnya panjang dan sejajar, dan direntang rata dalam penerbangan, yang membantu membedakan spesies ini dari elang gunung yang serupa. Dalam penerbangan di atas kepala, sayap yang relatif bulat (terbalik di ujung), ekor gondrong, tubuh putih (terlihat berwarna coklat) dan sayap bawah abu-abu (terlihat bercincin) adalah petunjuk utama.

Ukuran
Panjang: 57-79 cm
Lebar sayap: 127-138 cm
Berat: 1,3-1,9 kg

Bunyi
Elang ini memiliki bunyi-bunyi khas

Keras nyaring, berkepanjangan
yiiip-yip-yip-yip-yip …yiip-yip-yip-yip

Bernada meninggi
kwip-kwip-kwip-kwii

..atau teriakan menembus
klii-liiiuw

Habitat dan Distribusi

Mereka tinggal di hutan gugur, semi-evergreen, dan hutan bekas tebangan, bersama dengan hutan sabana, perkebunan teh, daerah budidaya, dan bahkan di sepanjang daerah pinggiran kota.

Mereka biasanya hidup dari 0-1.500 meter di atas permukaan laut, namun diketahui bisa menempati habitat setinggi 2.200 m. Pasangan tetap berada di wilayah yang sama sepanjang tahun, meski mereka tidak berburu bersama. Mereka adalah migran yang mengganggu, dan remaja menyebar dari tempat berkembang biak orang tua mereka.

Elang brontok ditemukan di seluruh Asia selatan dan tenggara, di India, Sri Lanka, Kepulauan Andaman, Filipina, Kalimantan, dan pulau-pulau di Indonesia Sumatra, Jawa, dan Sundera Raya. Rentang mereka terbentang dari 30 ° LU sampai 9 ° S.

Makanan dan Berburu

Elang brontok mengambil berbagai mangsa, termasuk burung seukuran ayam, mamalia kecil, ular, dan kadal. Mereka bertengger di lokasi yang terbuka untuk berburu, biasanya tinggi; Kadang mereka memilih tempat yang lebih rendah, seperti di atas tanah atau di ranting pohon. Mereka kemudian menukik untuk menangkap mangsa mereka di tanah.

Reproduksi

Tampilan pemuliaan terdiri dari melonjak dan memanggil, meski tidak memiliki tarian langit yang rumit dari beberapa raptor lainnya. Musim kawin berlangsung dari bulan November-Mei di India selatan dan Januari-Februari di kaki bukit Himalaya.

Sarangnya mencapai 95 cm-1,05 m, dan kedalaman 35 cm-1,2 m. Ini terbuat dari ranting dan dilapisi daun, dan sering diletakkan di garpu pohon. Satu telur putih yang rufous terlihat dan diinkubasi selama 35-44 hari. Fledging memakan waktu 65-70 hari.

Konservasi


Elang brontok adalah elang elang Asia yang paling luas dan umum, namun subspesies individu memiliki rentang yang jauh lebih kecil dan berada di bawah ancaman penembakan dan hilangnya habitat. Subspesies N. c. andamanensis mungkin memiliki jarak kurang dari 6,475 km ², dan N. c. vanheurni hanya 1.600 km². N. c. ceylanensis mendiami 65.000 km², bagaimanapun, dan N. c. cirrhatus dan N. c. daerah limnaeetus bahkan lebih luas. Seluruh spesies telah dievaluasi sebagai Least Concern oleh BirdLife International.

Taksonomi


Genus Nisaetus sebelumnya disamakan dengan Spizaetus ; Namun, studi molekuler menunjukkan elang elang Asia menjadi bagian dari garis keturunan yang berbeda dari elang elang Dunia Baru ( Spizaetus ), dan oleh karena itu terbelah menjadi genus baru Nisaetus. N. cirrhatus adalah spesies saudara dari N. lanceolatus (Sulawesi Hawk Eagle).

Subspesies


Ada lima subspesies: N. c. andamanensis tinggal di kepulauan Andaman, N. c. ceylanensis (Ceylon Hawk Eagle) di Sri Lanka, N. c. cirrhatus di India selatan Rajasthan dan di sepanjang dataran Gangga, N. c. limnaeetus di India utara, Nepal, Myanmar, Indocina, dan semenanjung Melayu, dan N. c. vanheurni di Sumatera

Nama Lain

Ceylon Hawk Eagle, Eagle Hawk Eagle, Burung Hawk Eagle, Lysbuget Høgeørn (Denmark), Indische Kuifarend (Belanda), Välu-tuttkotkas (Estonia), Jalokotka (Finlandia), Aigle huppé (Prancis), Haubenadler (Jerman) , Spizaeto variabile (Italia), Kawarikumataka (bahasa Jepang), Burung Lang Hindek (Melayu), Vekselskogørn (Norwegia), Wojownik indyjski (Polandia), Águila Azor Variabel (Spanyol), Indisk tofsörn (Swedia).

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